Inferring a reason for a delay · Using must for a strong deduction

Using must for a strong deduction in context, with bilingual examples and practice.

Application goal: Using must for a strong deduction.

Use must for a strong deduction, might or may for a possibility, and can’t for a deduction that something is impossible. These forms show the speaker’s confidence, not guaranteed facts.

Context: Inferring a reason for a delay. Identify the wording that achieves this goal, then adapt the details to a situation of your own.

Practical examples

The lights are on, so someone must still be working in the office.

الأضواء مضاءة، لذا لا بد أن أحدًا ما زال يعمل في المكتب.

The meeting might have finished later than expected.

ربما انتهى الاجتماع متأخرًا عن المتوقع.

However, we cannot tell who is inside just by looking at the windows.

لكن لا يمكننا معرفة من في الداخل بمجرد النظر إلى النوافذ.

Check your understanding

1. Choose the closest Arabic meaning of this expression: The lights are on, so someone must still be working in the office.
2. Choose the English expression that matches this meaning: لكن لا يمكننا معرفة من في الداخل بمجرد النظر إلى النوافذ.