Narrating events
Use the past continuous for an action in progress and the past simple for an event during it.
10 lessons and applications
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Learning paths
Connected units: learn the idea, apply it in context, then read, write and check your understanding.
Path type
Level
Past simple or present perfect?
Use the past simple with a finished time such as yesterday.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitThe first conditional
For a possible future condition, use if with the present simple and will with a base verb in the result.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitThe second conditional
Use if with the past simple and would with a base verb for an imagined or unlikely present or future situation.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitAdvice and obligation
Should often gives advice, while have to expresses necessity or obligation.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitDefining relative clauses
Use who for people and which for things; that can be used in many defining relative clauses.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitExplaining a problem
State the problem, its effect and what you need.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitGiving a supported opinion
State your view, give a reason and add an example.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitReporting statements
When reporting speech, tense and pronouns may change with context.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitA clear professional email
Use a specific subject, state your purpose early and finish with the action needed.
10 lessons and applications
Open unit