Nuanced stance
Expressions such as hardly, not entirely and by no means carry different strengths of stance.
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Learning paths
Connected units: learn the idea, apply it in context, then read, write and check your understanding.
Path type
Level
Implied meaning and context
A speaker may imply something without stating it directly.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitEmphasis without overstatement
Strengthen an important point through structure and word choice while keeping the claim accurate.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitFigurative language in context
Metaphors and idioms go beyond literal meanings.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitControlling written rhythm
Varying sentence length can highlight ideas and avoid monotony.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitPrecise reformulation
Preserve scope, certainty and conditions when reformulating.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitArguments and hidden assumptions
Some arguments depend on an unstated assumption.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitEditing for an audience
Preserve meaning while adapting structure and detail for a different audience.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitWeighing competing explanations
Compare explanations by how well they account for the evidence and by their limitations.
10 lessons and applications
Open unitA nuanced conclusion
An advanced conclusion combines the answer, strength of evidence, limitations and implications.
10 lessons and applications
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