Nuanced stance
Expressions such as hardly, not entirely and by no means carry different strengths of stance.
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Implied meaning and context
A speaker may imply something without stating it directly.
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Emphasis without overstatement
Strengthen an important point through structure and word choice while keeping the claim accurate.
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Figurative language in context
Metaphors and idioms go beyond literal meanings.
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Controlling written rhythm
Varying sentence length can highlight ideas and avoid monotony.
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Precise reformulation
Preserve scope, certainty and conditions when reformulating.
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Arguments and hidden assumptions
Some arguments depend on an unstated assumption.
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Editing for an audience
Preserve meaning while adapting structure and detail for a different audience.
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Weighing competing explanations
Compare explanations by how well they account for the evidence and by their limitations.
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A nuanced conclusion
An advanced conclusion combines the answer, strength of evidence, limitations and implications.
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A position of qualified support · Separating a principle from its implementation
Separating a principle from its implementation in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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A position of qualified support · Expressing support without endorsing every detail
Expressing support without endorsing every detail in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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Accepting a diagnosis while questioning the remedy · Defining the point of agreement precisely
Defining the point of agreement precisely in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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Accepting a diagnosis while questioning the remedy · Questioning the link between problem and solution
Questioning the link between problem and solution in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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Partially revising a position · Revising a position in response to evidence
Revising a position in response to evidence in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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Partially revising a position · Specifying what has changed and what has not
Specifying what has changed and what has not in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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A position between two alternatives · Rejecting an oversimplified division into two camps
Rejecting an oversimplified division into two camps in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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A position between two alternatives · Formulating an alternative that combines different considerations
Formulating an alternative that combines different considerations in context, with bilingual examples and practice.
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