Can for ability and requests
Can is followed by a base verb without to.
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Application: Explaining a grammar point
Practise explaining a grammar point, then follow up with a clarification or confirmation.
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Finished past events
Use the past simple for a finished event at a past time.
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Questions about the past
Use did, then the subject and base verb, in past simple questions.
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Actions happening now
Form the present continuous with am, is or are and a verb ending in ing.
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Future plans
Use be going to followed by a base verb for a prior intention or plan.
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Comparing two options
Add er to many short adjectives for comparison and use more with many longer adjectives.
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Countable and uncountable nouns
Use many with plural countable nouns and much with uncountable nouns.
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Giving directions
Use an imperative such as turn or continue for directions.
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Life experiences
Use have or has plus a past participle to discuss experience without naming a finished past time.
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Offering help
Use Would you like…? for a polite offer or suggestion.
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Arranging a meeting by message
State the purpose, suggest a time and place, and ask for confirmation.
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Narrating events
Use the past continuous for an action in progress and the past simple for an event during it.
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Past simple or present perfect?
Use the past simple with a finished time such as yesterday.
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The first conditional
For a possible future condition, use if with the present simple and will with a base verb in the result.
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The second conditional
Use if with the past simple and would with a base verb for an imagined or unlikely present or future situation.
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Advice and obligation
Should often gives advice, while have to expresses necessity or obligation.
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Defining relative clauses
Use who for people and which for things; that can be used in many defining relative clauses.
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